基于遗传萤火虫算法的含风电电力系统机组组合研究

随着风能资源的广泛应用,机组组合问题求解愈显复杂。以减少煤耗费用提高系统经济性为目标,提出一种采用遗传萤火虫算法求解含风电电力系统机组组合问题的新方法。引入遗传算法双矩阵通路判断及约束修复策略,提高了初始解生成质量及产生速度;再利用萤火虫算法求解连续负荷经济优化分配,给出自适应交叉概率,从而提高了算法的收敛速度。应用所提算法对经典10机系统优化仿真表明,与其他算法相比,该方法能合理安排机组组合,提高系统供电的经济性,具有较好的实用价值。     

预弯对10MW级风力机叶片气动特性的影响

为分析预弯处理对10 MW级风力机叶片气动特性的影响,以DTU 10 MW风力机为例,采用CFD数值模拟方法,研究均匀来流不同风速下风力机的输出功率,并与BEM计算结果进行对比。同时,对比分析直叶片和预弯叶片风力机的功率特性、沿展向出力分布、沿展向不同截面翼型的流动特性。研究结果表明,直叶片各截面翼型的压力差较预弯叶片的大,做功能力较强。预弯通过对叶片的三维流动产生扰动,进而影响风力机的输出功率,且主要体现在叶片展向70%~90%的位置。研究成果可为风力机叶片气动性能的设计与优化提供参考。     

Technoeconomic study for the optimization of turbine size and wind farm layouts

A technoeconomic analysis and optimization of wind turbine size and layout are performed using WAsP software. A case study of a 100‐MW wind farm located in Egypt is considered. Wind atlas for Egypt was used as the input data of the WAsP software. Two turbine models of powers 52 and 80 MW are considered for this project. The wind turbine size and distributions are selected based on the technoeconomic optimization, namely minimum wake effect, maximum annual energy production (AEP) rate, optimum cash flow, and payback period. The future worth method is adopted in economic comparison between the two alternatives, and the cash flow diagram provided the payback period and future worth after the lifetime of the plant. The results showed that (1) the AEP dramatically decreases for a wind farm area less than 15 km²; (2) the turbine spacing, spacing‐to‐diameter ratio, and the setback distances decrease and the wind turbine density and wake losses increase with decreasing the wind turbines size; (3) the total net AEP using G52 is lower than that of using G80 by about 16%; (4) the technoeconomic analysis recommended using G80 as it has higher profit than those of G52 by about $20 million.     

一种新的风电场复杂下垫面场地校准模型

针对现有方法模型简单、气象因素考虑不足和缺少异常数据检测等问题,提出一种基于相对密度离群因子（relative RDOF）异常检测和支持向量回归（SVR）组合的场地校准模型。首先,通过RDOF与四分位法对测风塔与风电机组距下垫面相同高度风速间的风速比进行异常数据检测,间接实现风速预处理;同时,根据测风塔与风电机组相同高度风切变序列的相关性,动态引入大气稳定度等级,与多种常规自然因素共同作为模型输入。然后,建立SVR场地校准模型修正风速。最后,通过算例验证,并与国际电工委员会（IEC）标准方法进行对比。结果表明,该方法可有效提升场地校准模型的风速修正精度。     

Future changes in wind energy resource over the Northwest Passage based on the CMIP6 climate projections

The preferential use of renewable energy sources such as wind power has been proposed as one of the most effective strategies in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the energy sector. However, wind energy resources are vulnerable to climate change, which might have a huge impact on the area under consideration. In this research, we used the wind speed data obtained from the seven coupled global climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to quantitatively analyze the differences in wind energy resource (WER) between the future and the historical period, geared toward understanding the impact of climate change on wind energy sources. Relevant results show that the future WER would decreases below 20% in the region south of the Northwest Passage, while would significantly increase in the north region of 72°N (specifically in the Beaufort Sea). Further, reports predict that by the end of the 21st century, if no interventions are made to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, the northern region's WER would increase even more with some grid points exceeding 30% and have a significant growth trend, but at the same time the intra‐annual variability in these region would also increase significantly with some grid points exceeding 140% of that in the historical period. Moreover, the maximum wind speed values would encounter a noteworthy increase of up to 20%, which will bring great challenge to the development of wind energy in these region. Although the current models still have great uncertainties in the future climate prediction, our work still has certain guiding significance for the future development of wind energy over the Northwest Passage.     

Static and dynamic oxidation behaviour of silicon carbide at high temperature

SiC has extensive applications in high-temperature oxidation environments. However, few studies have investigated the differences between the static and dynamic oxidation behaviour. In this study, the static and dynamic oxidation of SiC were investigated in air and in plasma wind tunnels, respectively. The results demonstrated that the activation energy of static oxidation was ～68.02 kJ/mol at 1300–1600 ℃, which was approximately ten times that of dynamic oxidation ～7.05 kJ/mol at 1290–1534 ℃. The observed Si-O-C transition layer located at the SiO₂/SiC interface, and its thickness after dynamic oxidation for 300 s was thicker than that after static oxidation for 30 h. In dynamic oxidation, high-speed flowing atomic oxygen reacted directly with SiC, whereas molecular oxygen needed extra energy to break the OO bond and react with SiC in static oxidation. Atomic oxygen also migrated easier in the amorphous SiO₂ coating, contributing to a thicker Si-O-C layer and lower activation energy.     

电流模式和焊接方向对316L不锈钢增材制造成形的影响研究

目的 研究电流模式和焊接方向对316L不锈钢增材制造成形、内部微观组织和硬度的影响。方法 保持其他焊接工艺参数不变，采用Pulse、SpeedPulse、SpeedPulseXT这3种电流模式及同向和往复2种焊接方向进行单道多层堆积，采用光学显微镜观察增材制造件的微观组织并用洛氏硬度计测量其硬度值。结果 采用不同电流模式和不同焊接方向会影响增材制造件的冷却速率和凝固方式，进而影响增材制造件的表面成形和力学性能。同方向焊接时，随着电流模式的改变，焊接热输入增大，液态金属的流动性和铺展行为逐渐增强，增材制造件的高度尺寸减小，宽度尺寸增大，熔合线处δ铁素体受冷却速率的影响由块状变为蠕虫状，Pulse模式存在元素偏析;往复方向焊接时，外形尺寸没有明显的变化，熔合线处δ铁素体以胞状和蠕虫状为主。硬度测试结果表明，SpeedPulse模式硬度变化最小，SpeedPulseXT模式次之，Pulse模式硬度变化最大。结论 采用MIG焊进行316L不锈钢增材制造时，不同电流模式会对增材件的成形、内部金相组织和硬度产生影响。采用同方向焊接比往复方向焊接对增材件形貌的影响更大。     

层状岩体爆破抛掷方向对大块率的影响

层状岩体的爆破效果往往较差,易引起较高大块率。通过理论分析层状岩体软弱结构面,并结合单个爆破漏斗试验可知,结构面间粘结力、应力波振幅和入射角度是影响爆破效果的主要原因,以此为理论基础并总结前人的科研成果,建立抛掷方向和岩层走向的夹角θ与大块率的关系。